Final answer:
When a Supreme Court Justice retires, the President nominates a replacement, and then the Senate must approve the nominee through a simple majority vote, which aligns with the 'advice and consent' role of the Senate.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a Justice of the Supreme Court decides to retire, like in the scenario where they choose to move to Florida, the process to fill the now-vacant position is as follows: The President of the United States has the responsibility to nominate a candidate for the position, which is part of the powers granted to the executive branch under Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution. Subsequently, the Senate is tasked with the 'advice and consent' role, indicating that they must approve the nominee. Typically, this is achieved through a simple majority vote following a series of hearings.
If we apply this understanding to the options provided in the question, the correct answer would be that 'The president nominates a replacement, and the Senate approves'. This process ensures that the position does not remain vacant and that the judicial responsibilities of the nation are adequately maintained. As history shows, this process does not always go smoothly, as various political considerations can influence the confirmation process, such as the Senate's decision to not hold hearings in the case of Merrick Garland or the expedited confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett.