Final Answer:
b) Active transport processes uses ATP and carrier proteins to move substances across the plasma membrane
Step-by-step explanation:
b)Active transport is the process that uses ATP and carrier proteins to move substances across the plasma membrane. This mechanism is essential for transporting molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP to drive the carrier proteins against the natural flow of substances.
Firstly, endocytosis (Option a) involves the uptake of large particles or substances by the cell but does not rely on ATP or carrier proteins for the movement across the membrane. Secondly, simple diffusion (Option c) and osmosis (Option d) are passive processes that occur without the direct involvement of ATP or carrier proteins. Lastly, facilitated diffusion (Option e) also involves carrier proteins but operates along the concentration gradient without the expenditure of ATP.
In summary, active transport is a vital process for the selective movement of ions and molecules across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.
The utilization of ATP ensures the energy required for carrier proteins to actively transport substances, allowing cells to maintain specific internal environments crucial for their functions. Understanding these cellular transport mechanisms is fundamental to appreciating the dynamic regulation of cellular processes and maintaining cellular homeostasis.