Question

In your own words, describe the relationship between DNA, the gene, and the chromosome. Include the words nucleotide and traits.

In your own words, describe the importance of proteins to an organism, and explain the connection between proteins and DNA. Make sure to use the term amino acid and codon.

Answer 1

DNA, genes, and chromosomes are intertwined in the process of storing and transmitting genetic information. Nucleotides, codons, and amino acids play key roles in this process.

Step-by-step explanation:

In simple terms, DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information in living organisms. Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA and proteins that store and transmit genetic information.

Each nucleotide, the building block of DNA, consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The order of these bases in a DNA sequence determines the order of amino acids in a protein. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which then serves as a template for protein synthesis. The sequence of 3 nucleotides in the RNA, called a codon, specifies a particular amino acid. This codon-to-amino acid correspondence is what allows the DNA sequence to determine the structure and function of proteins.