Final answer:
The color spectrum observed on Earth is represented by visible light, which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The differentiation among types of electromagnetic radiation is based on their wavelengths. Visible light stands out due to wavelengths that fall within the range detectable by the human eye.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of radiation that represents the color spectrum seen on Earth is visible light. This is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be perceived by the human eye. Other components of the electromagnetic spectrum include gamma rays, X-rays, UV rays, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves, which are generally not visible to us.
When considering what differentiates the various types of radiation within the electromagnetic spectrum, the key factor is wavelengths. Each type of radiation has a unique range of wavelengths that distinguishes it from the others. For example, gamma rays have very short wavelengths and high energy, while radio waves have much longer wavelengths and lower energy.