Final answer:
The Ming dynasty porcelain bowl features an incised green dragon on a bright orange background, depicting a departure from the traditional blue and white color scheme.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dragon on the sixteenth-century bowl from the Chinese Ming dynasty is best described as incised with a green dragon against a bright orange background. This particular artifact illustrates a departure from the more traditional white and blue porcelain colors, instead showcasing the dragon in a vivid and contrasting color scheme. The use of secondary and complementary colors, such as the green dragon on the orange porcelain, exemplifies the innovative and diverse artistry of the Ming dynasty-era porcelain.