Final answer:
The question requires calculating the intensity of solar radiation reaching Earth and determining the time it takes for a specific amount of energy to be delivered to an area. It focuses on concepts of solar intensity, power, and energy delivery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question provided pertains to calculating the intensity of electromagnetic waves, specifically solar radiation, and how much energy is delivered to a given area on Earth. The calculations involve understanding solar intensity as well as energy and power concepts. Focusing on summer sunlight, we are tasked with finding how long it takes for a certain amount of energy to reach Earth's surface given the intensity just above the atmosphere.
Given that the intensity of sunlight just above Earth's atmosphere is 1.4 kW/m², and that 80% of this intensity reaches Earth's surface, we can calculate the power received by an area by multiplying the intensity by the area. To calculate the time required for a certain amount of energy (1.8 × 10⁹ J) to arrive on an area of 1.00 m², we can use the formula Energy = Power × Time, where Power is the intensity of the sunlight (1.4 kW/m²) received by the surface.