Final answer:
Atherosclerosis is the process where plaque builds up inside the arteries, leading to the narrowing and stiffening of these vessels. Increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides contribute to this buildup, which can result in cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes. Lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and smoking play significant roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Atherosclerosis and Its Impact on Arteries
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque within the arterial walls. This plaque, which is a combination of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste, calcium, and fibrin, can lead to the development of coronary artery disease. High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood contribute to this process by forming deposits that stick to the artery walls and harden over time.
A diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, and smoking are key lifestyle factors that can increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels, thereby elevating the risk of atherosclerosis. The condition can remain asymptomatic for years but poses a significant risk by potentially causing a heart attack or stroke due to restricted blood flow.
The formation of plaque leads to the narrowing and rigidification of the arteries, decreasing their elasticity and the capacity for blood to flow freely. This arterial stiffness and blockage can lead to life-threatening cardiovascular events. Understanding and managing cholesterol and triglyceride levels are crucial in preventing atherosclerosis and maintaining cardiovascular health.