Final answer:
To reduce manufacturing costs, managers have outsourced and offshored production to countries with cheaper labor and less regulation as part of globalization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The expansion of industrialization in regions outside of the U.S. has encouraged managers to reduce their manufacturing costs by outsourcing production to countries where labor is cheaper and environmental regulations may be less stringent. This practice is part of a broader trend known as globalization, where companies seek to maximize profits by relocating their production facilities to areas that offer cost advantages such as lower wages and overhead costs. Additionally, corporations have utilized offshoring, the process of relocating entire operations overseas, and have capitalized on places like northern Mexico's industrial locations to benefit from cost savings while maintaining proximity to large consumer markets like the United States.