Final answer:
The pressure on the divers from the water at a depth of 20 m is 196,000 Pa. The total pressure on the divers at that depth is 297,325 Pa, taking into account the pressure from the atmosphere. When the divers rise to a depth of 5 meters below the surface, the change in total pressure is 147,000 Pa.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the pressure on the divers from the water at a depth of 20 m, we can use the formula: P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of water, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth.
Given ρ = 1000 kg/m³ and g = 9.8 m/s², the pressure on the divers from the water is:
P = (1000 kg/m³)(9.8 m/s²)(20 m) = 196,000 Pa.
To calculate the total pressure on the divers at that depth, we also need to consider the pressure from the atmosphere. At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is approximately 101,325 Pa.
Therefore, the total pressure on the divers at a depth of 20 m is:
Total pressure = water pressure + atmospheric pressure = 196,000 Pa + 101,325 Pa = 297,325 Pa.
When the divers rise to a depth of 5 meters below the surface, the change in depth is 20 m - 5 m = 15 m. The change in total pressure can be calculated using the same formula:
Change in total pressure = ρgh = (1000 kg/m³)(9.8 m/s²)(15 m) = 147,000 Pa.