Final answer:
Trade-offs in building a house encompass choosing materials and design options that balance cost, durability, aesthetics, and energy efficiency, with considerations such as substituting materials, flooring options, and window efficiency playing significant roles. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of trade-offs necessary when building a house include various considerations related to materials, cost, and energy efficiency. For example, (a) substituting plastic for metal in plumbing might be less expensive and easier to install, but could potentially have a shorter lifespan and a different environmental impact compared to metal. Using hardwood instead of laminate flooring (b) presents a trade-off between durability and cost, as hardwood tends to be more durable but is also more expensive.
Lastly, choosing energy-efficient windows over traditional ones (d) can incur a higher upfront cost but can result in long-term energy savings and a smaller carbon footprint. These decisions incorporate not only immediate concerns like budget and aesthetics but also long-term considerations, such as energy use and sustainability.
Red brick, for its thermal mass properties, and strategic positioning of windows for optimal sunlight exposure are examples of using materials and design to enhance a house’s energy efficiency.