Final answer:
The Magna Carta's lasting legacies include the establishment of due process and the precursor to the trial by jury system, both pivotal in shaping the rule of law in modern democratic societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Magna Carta left behind numerous legacies that have shaped modern democratic principles beyond the well-known ideas of 'no taxation without representation' and the formation of Parliament. Two additional lasting legacies of the Magna Carta are the establishment of due process and the precursor to the concept of trial by jury. Due process is a legal principle that ensures a person cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without a fair and proper legal procedure, which includes the right to be heard in a court. This legacy is enshrined in modern legal systems, including the U.S. Constitution.
Moreover, the Magna Carta put forth the idea that no free man could be punished except through the lawful judgment of his peers, which led to the development of the trial by jury system. This has become a cornerstone of the judicial system in the Western world, ensuring that a person's guilt or innocence is determined by an impartial group of peers rather than the arbitrary will of the ruler. Both these legacies have significantly influenced the social order and have played a role in the development of the rule of law in democratic societies.