Final answer:
Factors influencing identity development, such as Crisis, Commitment, Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, and Achievement, are based on Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Adolescents face the challenge of identity versus role confusion, which can lead to either a strong sense of self or role confusion. In late adulthood, individuals reflect on their lives and strive for a sense of integrity versus experiencing despair.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors that affect a person's identity development include Crisis, Commitment, Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, and Achievement. These terms refer to different stages in Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. During adolescence, which ranges from ages 12 to 18, individuals work through the challenge of identity versus role confusion. This is a critical phase where they ask questions such as "Who am I?" and "What do I want to do with my life?"
According to Erikson, adolescents who do not actively search for their identity might experience role confusion and develop a weaker sense of self. Alternately, those who are pressured to conform to external expectations, such as their parents' wishes for their futures, may undergo a stage called Foreclosure, leading to premature commitments without self-exploration. On the other hand, adolescents who take the time for self-exploration without making commitments go through what Erikson called a Moratorium. Eventually, those who navigate these stages successfully reach the stage of Achievement, wherein they have a strong sense of identity.
Later in life, during late adulthood, individuals face the challenge of integrity versus despair, looking back on their lives with either a sense of fulfillment or regret. Successfully resolving this conflict results in a sense of integrity and satisfaction.