Final answer:
The Counter-Reformation exemplifies reactionary ideology in history, as it was a Catholic Church initiative to reform and maintain traditional Catholic beliefs against Protestant influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
An example of reactionary ideology in history is the Counter-Reformation (d). The Counter-Reformation was initiated by the Catholic Church as a response to the Protestant Reformation. This movement aimed to reform the Church from within and reaffirm the traditional Catholic beliefs against the new Protestant ideas.
This period featured many aspects, including the establishment of new religious orders such as the Jesuits, ecclesiastical or structural reconfigurations, spiritual movements, and political reform. It was a deliberate attempt to counter the changes brought about by the Protestant Reformation and to maintain the political and religious order of Catholic Europe.