Final answer:
In the given experiment, the Temperature of water at the end is the dependent variable which is affected by the independent variable, whereas all other conditions kept constant are controlled variables and the control group is the one not receiving the experimental treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a scientific experiment involving water, insulating materials, temperature changes, and polyester socks, the Temperature of water at the end of the experiment (E) would be considered the dependent variable. This is because it is the variable that is being measured and will provide the results based on the changes to the independent variable.
An independent variable is the one that is manipulated to observe its effects on the dependent variable. In this case, the experiment doesn't specify which factor is being manipulated, but potential independent variables could include the type of insulating material or the water temperature change method. Controlled variables are those that are kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure that only the independent variable is affecting the dependent variable. The control group refers to the setup in which the independent variable is kept at a baseline or standard condition for comparison with other groups where the independent variable is changed.