Final answer:
A clause contains both a subject and a verb, while a phrase is missing either a subject or a verb. Clauses can be independent or dependent, whereas phrases serve different functions within a sentence.
Step-by-step explanation:
A clause is any group of words that contains both a subject and a verb. It can be either independent or dependent. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, while a dependent clause is not a complete sentence and relies on the main clause.
A phrase, on the other hand, is any group of words that functions as a unit within a sentence, but it does not contain both a subject and a verb. Phrases are missing either a subject or a verb. They can be categorized into different types, such as noun phrases, adjective phrases, and verb phrases.