Question

Describe the factors that lead to signal amplification in the presence of epinephrine.

Answer 1

Signal amplification can occur at many points. For example, as long as epinephrine remains bound to a receptor, the receptor can activate a succession of G proteins. In addition, each adenylyl cyclase enzyme can convert numerous ATPs into cyclic AMP molecules.

Answer 2

Epinephrine binds to a receptor on cells, and activates a series of signaling pathways that result in signal amplification, leading to increased cellular metabolism, protein expression, and cell division.

Step-by-step explanation:

Signal amplification in the presence of epinephrine occurs through several factors. When epinephrine binds to a G-protein-linked receptor on the membrane of cells, it activates a G-protein, which then activates adenylyl cyclase. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, a second messenger that mediates a cell-specific response.

This leads to an increase in cellular metabolism, protein expression, and cell division. In the case of cell division, the binding of epinephrine to the receptor promotes cell division. Overall, the binding of epinephrine to its receptor and the subsequent activation of signaling pathways cause signal amplification.