Final answer:
The first step of research is formulating the research question, which sets the direction for the investigative process and leads to data collection and analysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first step of research is formulating the research question. This involves identifying a topic or issue and asking questions to frame a focus for the research. It is essential in guiding the direction of the study, as researchers seek to answer these questions through the collection and analysis of data. As part of the scholarly research process, this initial stage also includes a preliminary review of existing studies on the topic to establish a foundation for new research. In history, this stage is characterized by developing historical questions that serve as guides through the investigative process of historical inquiry. In the sciences, these questions often arise from observations and lead to further research and hypothesis formation as part of the scientific method.