Final answer:
John Dryden used irony as a method of criticism in his works, using sarcastic language, contrasting ideas, and exposing flaws and hypocrisies. In plays like 'The Wild Gallant,' he criticizes the frivolous behavior of the upper class. In poems like 'Mac Flecknoe,' he satirizes other poets and the literary world of his time.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Dryden was a prominent English poet and playwright who often used irony as a method of criticism in his works. Irony is a literary device that involves saying one thing while meaning the opposite. Dryden used irony to criticize various aspects of society, including politics, religion, and social norms. For example, in his play 'The Wild Gallant,' Dryden uses irony to criticize the frivolous behavior of the upper class. By presenting characters who are supposed to be role models but are actually foolish or immoral, Dryden exposes the hypocrisy and flaws of society.
Dryden also uses irony in his satirical poetry, such as 'Mac Flecknoe,' where he criticizes another poet, Thomas Shadwell. Through sarcastic and mocking language, Dryden highlights the shortcomings of Shadwell's work and satirizes the literary world of his time. In this way, irony becomes a powerful tool for Dryden to express his social and artistic criticism.
In summary, Dryden uses irony as a method of criticism by employing sarcastic language, presenting contrasting ideas, and exposing the flaws and hypocrisies of society. His use of irony helps him convey his message effectively and engage his readers in a thought-provoking manner.