Final answer:
During the summer season at latitudes greater than 66°N, such as within the Arctic Circle, the sun does not set, leading to the phenomenon known as the midnight sun.
Option C . is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The season and latitude at which the sun does not set, commonly known as the midnight sun, occurs in the summer season at latitudes greater than 66°N. This phenomenon is due to the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to its orbit around the sun, which causes the North Pole to be tilted towards the sun during the summer months. As the Earth rotates, areas inside the Arctic Circle, which begins at 66.5°N latitude, experience a period of continuous daylight, sometimes extending for several days or weeks, depending on how far north one is.
This happens because the sun does not dip below the horizon at these high latitudes near the North Pole. The correct answer to the question is c) summer and greater than 66°N.