Final answer:
Transverse waves move with particle motion at right angles to the propagation direction. Longitudinal waves move with particle motion in the same direction as wave propagation. Electromagnetic waves have perpendicular electric and magnetic fields oscillating relative to the direction of wave travel.
Step-by-step explanation:
To match each type of wave to the way it moves, we need to understand how different waves propagate. There are mainly two types of mechanical waves:
- Transverse waves: These waves move such that the particles of the medium move back and forth at right angles to the direction of the wave's motion. An example is a wave on a string where the displacement is perpendicular to the wave's travel direction.
- Longitudinal waves: In these waves, the particles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction as the motion of the wave, like compressions and rarefactions in a spring or sound waves.
Electromagnetic waves, like light, are also transverse waves, where the electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Therefore, the correct matches would be:
- Transverse wave: Moves back and forth at right angles to the direction of the wave's motion.
- Longitudinal wave: Moves back and forth in the direction of the wave's motion.
- Electromagnetic wave: Alternating fields moving at right angles to each other and to the direction of wave propagation.