Final answer:
Not all items listed are bargaining tactics: 'white elephant,' 'my hands are tied,' 'my lips are sealed,' and 'the icing on the cake' are not standard negotiation strategies. Legitimate tactics like linkage and extreme anchoring are often used in political bargaining to sway the negotiation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of political bargaining, not all tactics mentioned in the question are legitimate bargaining strategies used at the negotiation table. Tactics like linkage, extreme anchoring, carpet selling, red herring, and good cop/bad cop are common negotiation strategies. On the other hand, 'white elephant,' 'my hands are tied,' 'my lips are sealed,' and 'the icing on the cake' do not typically fall into the category of bargaining techniques and could be regarded as distractions or clichés rather than strategic approaches.
During negotiations, participants might use various tactics to achieve their goals, ranging from persuasion and logrolling to more questionable rhetorical devices intended to steer the conversation away from logical thought. An effective negotiator needs to be aware of these so they can navigate through the process strategically.