Final answer:
Children are raised differently now compared to the past. Positive parenting styles that focus on communication and nurturing are emphasized today. These styles include authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful parenting.
Step-by-step explanation:
The way children are raised has evolved over time. In the past, children were often raised with strict discipline and obedience, where physical punishment was considered acceptable. However, in today's society, there is a greater emphasis on positive parenting styles that focus on nurturing and communication. These parenting styles include authoritative, permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful.
An authoritative parenting style encourages independence and self-discipline while providing warmth and support. This style is associated with positive childhood outcomes, such as higher self-esteem and academic achievement.
A permissive parenting style is characterized by low control and high warmth. These parents are lenient and have minimal rules, allowing their children to have a high level of freedom. The outcomes of this style can vary, but it may result in less self-control and lower academic achievement.
Authoritarian parents are strict and demanding, with high control and low warmth. Children raised in this style may have lower self-esteem and struggle with decision-making.
Neglectful parenting involves low control and low warmth, with parents being uninvolved and neglecting their children's needs. This style can lead to negative outcomes such as poor emotional development and academic difficulties.