Final answer:
The change from liquid to gas on the surface is evaporation, gas to liquid is condensation, solid to gas is sublimation and particle movement and mixing is called diffusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The change of state that happens when particles leave only the surface of a liquid is called evaporation. A gas changes state to a liquid by condensation. A solid changes state to a gas by sublimation. The random movement and mixing of particles is called diffusion. These changes in the state reflect the movement of particles in response to energy changes in matter.
When solid matter is heated, it can enter the liquid phase, a process known as melting, and if heated further, it can enter the gaseous phase through boiling or evaporation. Conversely, when gases are cooled, they can condense back into liquids, and if further cooled, they can become solids through the process of freezing. Each of these changes of state occurs due to variations in temperature and pressure, impacting the energy of the particles within a substance.