Final Answer:
The number of subordinates who directly report to a superior refers to the manager's a. span of control.
Step-by-step explanation:
In organizational management, the term "span of control" refers to the number of subordinates or employees that directly report to a manager or supervisor. It is a critical aspect of organizational structure and managerial effectiveness. The span of control is not a fixed number but varies based on the nature of the work, complexity of tasks, and the manager's ability to effectively supervise and coordinate activities.
A smaller span of control (fewer subordinates) often leads to a taller organizational structure with more hierarchical levels, while a larger span of control (more subordinates) results in a flatter structure. The ideal span of control depends on factors such as the nature of the work, the skills of the manager, and the level of coordination required. Too narrow a span may lead to micromanagement, while too wide a span might compromise effective supervision. The calculation for span of control is straightforward: it is the total number of subordinates divided by the number of managers. A manager with 10 subordinates, for instance, has a span of control of 10. This metric is crucial in optimizing organizational efficiency and ensuring that managers can effectively lead and guide their teams.
In conclusion, understanding and optimizing the span of control is essential for designing an effective organizational structure. It directly impacts managerial efficiency, communication flow, and overall organizational performance. Striking the right balance in the span of control contributes to a well-functioning and adaptive organizational hierarchy.
therefore, the correct answer is a. span of control