Final answer:
An employee manual outlining attendance policies represents 'explicit statements from an authority figure,' a method of developing formal norms within a group or organization. Formal norms, such as those in employee manuals, differ from informal norms, which are learned through observation and socialization. Understanding both types of norms is important for integrating into new environments and adjusting to workplace cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
An employee manual that outlines attendance policies and is given by a supervisor is an example of explicit statements from an authority figure. These are considered formal norms, which are established and written rules, agreed upon to suit and serve the interests of most people within a group or organization. Unlike informal norms, which are learned through observation and socialization and do not require written documentation, formal norms like employee manuals are specifically stated and enforced to maintain order and professionalism within the workplace.
In contrast, a reference group is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs become a standard for an individual's behavior. This is not to be confused with the method of developing norms in groups by explicit statements from an authority figure. Reference groups provide a benchmark for social comparison and influence an individual's choices and actions.
Understanding both formal and informal norms is crucial when navigating new environments, such as starting a new job. Observing co-workers and learning the unspoken rules will ease the integration into a new workplace culture, balancing professional behavior with the social expectations and ethical considerations of the organization.