Final answer:
Before the 1960s, the Aral Sea provided fresh water and supported a thriving fishing industry for nearby towns. However, the diversion of water for irrigation has caused the sea to shrink, leading to negative consequences such as economic setbacks and environmental issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Aral Sea and Nearby Towns
Before the 1960s, the Aral Sea provided several benefits to nearby towns. One major benefit was the availability of fresh water from the Aral Sea, which was obtained through rivers such as Syr Darya. The towns relied on this water for drinking, irrigation, and various other purposes. Additionally, the Aral Sea supported a thriving fishing industry, providing employment and a source of food for the local communities.
Environmental Impact and Changes
However, due to the diversion of water for irrigation and other factors, the Aral Sea has drastically shrunk over the years. This has resulted in several negative consequences for the nearby towns. The loss of water supply has led to increased salinity levels in the sea, rendering it unsuitable for fish to survive. As a result, the fishing industry has collapsed and the towns have suffered economic setbacks. Furthermore, the shrinking sea has caused environmental issues such as dust storms, which carry salt, pesticides, and herbicides into the towns, leading to respiratory illnesses.