The best answer is: b. purposeful behavior.
a. a process of direct victimization: This is not accurate because bullying is the act of inflicting harm on someone, not the experience of being harmed. While bullying may involve direct victimization, it's not the same thing.
c. a noncommunicative process: While some forms of bullying may be non-verbal (e.g., social exclusion), most involve communication in some form, whether through verbal taunts, threats, or spreading rumors.
d. a systematic process: While some bullying may be planned or organized, it doesn't necessarily follow a systematic process. It can be impulsive and sporadic in many cases.
b. purposeful behavior: This is the most accurate answer. Bullying is a deliberate and intentional act of aggression aimed at causing harm to another person. It's not a passive or submissive behavior, but rather an active and dominant one.
Therefore, the most appropriate description of bullying behavior is that it's purposeful behavior.