Final answer:
The unit of measure equal to the energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius is the kilocalorie (kcal).
Step-by-step explanation:
Historically, energy was measured in units of calories (cal), which is the amount of energy required to raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. However, the kilocalorie is commonly used, where 1 kilocalorie is equal to 1000 calories or 1 kilogram of water raised by 1 degree Celsius. So, the unit of measure in question is the kilocalorie (kcal).