Final answer:
The statement is true; the lactic acid system is predominant during short, high-intensity activities due to its ability to quickly generate ATP when oxygen is scarce, though muscle fatigue is influenced by multiple factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the lactic acid system predominates in short, powerful bursts of muscular activity is true. During high-intensity exercises, such as sprinting or lifting heavy weights, the body depends on the anaerobic metabolic pathway known as lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP. This system kicks in when oxygen supply to the muscles is inadequate for the needs of intense physical activity. As a result, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid, which allows for the continuation of glycolysis and the production of ATP. Lactic acid buildup can contribute to muscle fatigue and the sore sensation often experienced post-exercise. While lactic acid accumulation was once solely blamed for muscle fatigue, it is now understood that muscle fatigue is a complex process influenced by various factors besides lactate levels, such as energy availability and psychological factors.