Final answer:
The compound 4-methylpentene follows the IUPAC naming rules, combining the pentene base name with the location of a methyl substituent and the double bond. Other examples like 3-methylhexane and trans-3-heptene are named following the same systematic approach.
Step-by-step explanation:
When dealing with organic compounds like 4-methylpentene, it's important to use systematic nomenclature to accurately describe the molecular structure. IUPAC naming rules are used for such purposes. In this case, the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond has five carbon atoms, so the base name will be pentene. When naming the compound, we must ensure that the double bond has the lowest possible numbers for the carbon atoms it connects, so we start numbering from the end closer to the double bond. Then, for the substituents, we add the names and positions to the front of the base name. For 4-methyl-2-pentene, this means a methyl group is attached to the fourth carbon, and the double bond starts at the second carbon atom.
For the synthesis example, (4R,5R)-4,5-O-isopropylidene-2-cyclopenten-1-ol, a reaction sequence involves dissolving the ketone precursor in methanol, adding a reducing agent NaBH4, and following up with purification steps to obtain the desired alcohol.
Other structural examples provided such as 3-methylhexane, trans-3-heptene, and 2-heptyne follow similar naming rules, with the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms in the main chain, and the suffix indicating the type of chemical bond or group present.