Final answer:
The statement is false because micronutrients, consisting of vitamins and minerals, are required in small amounts and are critical for regulatory and metabolic processes, not typically measured in grams.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement given in the question is false. Micronutrients are essential nutrients needed by the body in small amounts, not grams, for various physiological functions including the regulation of metabolic processes. These nutrients consist of vitamins and minerals, and although they are required in much lesser amounts compared to macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, they are vital for maintaining health.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary for a range of biological functions, such as vitamin B12 for producing red blood cells and vitamin D for bone health. Minerals play roles in structural and regulatory functions in the body like calcium for bone structure and iron for oxygen transport in blood.
Unlike macronutrients, micronutrients do not provide energy, therefore they are not measured in calories. Their role is predominantly in facilitating biochemical reactions in the body as cofactors for enzymes, components of hormones, and structural elements. The body can store some micronutrients and rely on these reserves when intake is low, while others need to be consumed regularly due to their water-soluble nature. Importantly, options c and d in the question are incorrect, as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are macronutrients, whereas vitamins and minerals are micronutrients.