Final answer:
The spread of Buddhism before 800 CE can be attributed to factors such as sponsorship by Indian King Ashoka, the influence of the Kushan Empire, the efforts of merchants and monks, and trade and cultural exchange in Southeast Asia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reasons for the spread of Buddhism before 800 CE were multifaceted. One reason was the sponsorship and promotion of Buddhism by the Indian King Ashoka, who used his power to disseminate the faith throughout his empire. The Kushan Empire also played a significant role in spreading Buddhism, expanding its repertoire of art, architecture, doctrine, and practice.
Additionally, merchants, missionary monks, and diplomats actively brought Buddhism to East Asia through sea and land routes, introducing precious objects, stories, body practices, and architectural techniques. The concept of Bodhisattvas, enlightened beings who vowed to help others, also appealed to many. The lifelike statues of Bodhisattvas and other Buddhist figures, based on Greek sculpture, further enhanced Buddhism's appeal in East Asia.
Lastly, the spread of Buddhism can be attributed to trade and cultural exchange in Southeast Asia. Trade routes and the arrival of outside religions, including Buddhism, influenced the development of larger states and powerful kingdoms. Indian elites and literate Buddhists who migrated to Southeast Asia became influential advisors and teachers, spreading Buddhism and founding temples throughout the region.