Question

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors are associated with dissatisfying experiences

a) related to the need to give and receive love and to feel a sense of belonging
b) related to the need for a sense of self-worth and integrity
c) mostly intrinsic and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and other personally rewarding factors
d) the requirement

Answer 1

Herzberg's two-factor theory states that hygiene factors are extrinsic factors that can cause dissatisfaction when inadequate but don't necessarily lead to satisfaction when fulfilled.

Step-by-step explanation:

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors are not related to needs such as giving and receiving love or a sense of belonging, sense of self-worth and integrity, or intrinsic factors like achievement and recognition. Hygiene factors are associated with job dissatisfaction and are extrinsic to the work itself; they include aspects such as company policy, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations, and working conditions. When these factors are inadequate or missing, employees may become unhappy. However, their presence does not necessarily lead to job satisfaction but rather prevents dissatisfaction. An example would be providing an adequate working environment which will prevent employee dissatisfaction but will not contribute to satisfaction which, as per Herzberg's theory, is fulfilled by motivators or growth factors such as advancement, personal growth, and recognition.