Final answer:
(b) False, The claim that violent video games directly cause real-world violence is false, as evidence is mixed and research highlights the importance of considering other contributing factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The assertion that violent video games cause violence in the real world is a complex and debated issue. While psychologists like Anderson and Bushman have found a link between violent video game use and an increase in aggressive thoughts and behaviors, studies by Christopher Ferguson and others indicate that, although there is a correlation between violent media exposure and aggression, it's necessary to account for other variables such as mental health and family life.
Furthermore, a meta-analysis by the American Psychological Association didn't find conclusive evidence that violent video games result in criminal behavior or real-world violence. Hence, the claim that there is strong proof that violent video games lead to real-world violence is false as the research does not unanimously support this conclusion and acknowledges other contributing factors.