Final answer:
Islamic invaders defeated Aksum by internal problems, environmental issues, and military conflicts such as the Battle of Adwa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Islamic invaders defeated Aksum by multiple factors such as internal problems and environmental issues. One major factor was the decline in Red Sea trade, which led to a reduced number of Aksumite coins used during the period. This weakened the Aksumite Kingdom's economy and power. Additionally, rebel groups in the interior, like the Beja peoples, began to revolt and contribute to the downfall of Aksum.
Another example of invaders defeating Aksum can be seen during the attack by Italian forces in the late 19th century. The well-trained and well-equipped Ethiopians decisively defeated the Italian army in the Battle of Adwa in 1896. The Italian recognition of Ethiopian independence and the subsequent withdrawal of European powers further solidified the defeat of the invaders.
It is important to note that Aksum faced different invasions throughout history, and each invasion had its own specific circumstances and outcomes.