Final answer:
In the process of translation, mRNA serves as the template, tRNA transfers amino acids, and rRNA makes up the ribosome. Ligase, however, is not involved in translation, as it is associated with DNA replication and repair processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of translation refers to the synthesis of proteins using the information encoded in mRNA. In this complex biological process, several key players are involved, including mRNA, tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and various enzymes. Considering the options provided:
- mRNA (messenger RNA): It serves as the template for protein synthesis, dictating the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
- tRNA (transfer RNA): It transports the correct amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.
- rRNA (ribosomal RNA): Along with proteins, it makes up the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis.
Now examining the options not involved in translation, ligase is an enzyme that is not directly involved in the translation process. Ligase is more commonly associated with DNA replication and repair processes, where it joins the ends of DNA fragments together. Therefore, the answer to the question is: Ligase is NOT directly involved in the process of translation.