Final answer:
A domain name is based on the Domain Name System (a. Domain Name System). This system is essential for translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses, allowing computers to communicate over the internet. Options like ICANN relate to the management but are not the system itself.
Step-by-step explanation:
A domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet, based on the Domain Name System.Referencing the options, the correct letter is a. Domain Name System. The Domain Name System is crucial for the functionality of the internet, as it provides a way to match human-readable domain names (like 'example.com') to the numerical IP addresses computers use to identify each other on the network.
The other options, like IEEE 802.3 standard, the Whitehouse, and ICANN, refer to different aspects of computing and internet governance. For example, the IEEE 802.3 standard pertains to Ethernet networking while ICANN (the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is responsible for the management and coordination of the DNS, but it is not the system itself.
Regarding domain extensions, they indicate the type of entity that manages the site. For example, .edu is affiliated with educational institutions, .gov with government entities, .org with non-profit organizations, and .com with commercial or business entities.