Final answer:
Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria are organisms that perform photosynthesis, using light to produce food and releasing oxygen. They are known as photoautotrophs, and eukaryotic photoautotrophs like plants have chloroplasts where this process takes place.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plants, algae, and certain bacteria known as cyanobacteria are examples of organisms that undergo photosynthesis. These organisms are called photoautotrophs because they harness light energy to synthesize their own food from carbon dioxide and water, thereby releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
Contrastingly, organisms such as animals, fungi, and most other bacteria, are referred to as heterotrophs because they depend on the sugars produced by photoautotrophs for their energy.
In eukaryotic photoautotrophs like plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place inside organelles called chloroplasts, while in prokaryotic cyanobacteria, it occurs within folded membrane structures.