Final answer:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to AAA formation by degrading the structural proteins of the aortic wall, leading to weakening and potential rupture. The up-regulation of MMPs, particularly MMP2 and MMP9, is associated with the progression of aneurysms, making them targets for potential therapeutic interventions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that play crucial roles in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by degrading various components, such as collagen and elastin. In the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation, MMPs contribute to the weakening of the aortic wall by breaking down its structural proteins.
This enzymatic activity leads to the dilation and eventual rupture of the aorta. The up-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 is commonly recognized in the progression of various human pathologies, including tumors and vascular diseases.
MMPs are induced by various factors, including inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which are prevalent in the microenvironment of an aneurysm. As aneurysms grow, the increased activity of MMPs can further degrade the ECM, exacerbating the expansion of the aneurysm. Inhibition of MMPs has been researched as a potential therapeutic strategy to halt the progression of AAAs, highlighting their significant role in the pathophysiology of this condition.