Final answer:
The Kawelka people in Ongka's Big Moka have maintained their culture by utilizing their knowledge of the environment and cultivation practices. They have diverse knowledge about crops, intercropping, and promoting biodiversity. They also have community leadership to maintain cultural practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Kawelka people in Ongka's Big Moka have been adaptive in maintaining many aspects of their culture while participating in the larger society. One way they have done this is through their extensive knowledge of their environment and their cultivation practices. They have developed diverse knowledge about soils, plants, animals, and medicines, allowing them to promote plant and animal biodiversity in their territory. They use specific plants and farming techniques to attract game for hunting and practice complex forms of intercropping to benefit different plant species.
In addition, the Kawelka have strong community leadership and decision-making structures in place to organize activities like irrigation schemes, trade networks, and land allocation and protection. These structures help them maintain their cultural practices and ensure the sustainability of their subsistence strategy. Overall, the Kawelka's adaptability stems from their deep understanding of their environment, their cultivation practices, and their social organization.