Final answer:
Some issues leading to divided government include increased political polarization and major policy disagreements, resulting in government shutdowns and legislative gridlock, as seen during the presidencies of Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The issues and events that have contributed to the era of divided government have revolved around increased political polarization, significant policy disagreements, and differing interpretations of the Constitution. As political parties become more polarized and less willing to compromise, the likelihood of government shutdowns and legislative gridlock increases.
For instance, during Gerald Ford's presidency, a dispute over funding led to a government shutdown. Later, under Ronald Reagan, disagreements between the president and Congress resulted in multiple shutdowns. Policy goals become difficult to achieve, and the partisanship can be so pronounced that it challenges party loyalty and makes it hard for politicians to pass legislation, compromising government operations.
Historical divisions in political ideology, like those between Federalists and Republicans early in the nation's history, are mirrored today in the sharp divide between modern political parties.