Final answer:
Modifications in testing refer to changes compromising a test's standardized process. These are different from controlled scientific experiments, which manipulate variables or social norms to observe outcomes. Maintaining standard test procedures is crucial for validity and ethical integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'modification' in an educational testing context generally refers to a change in the testing environment or procedure that does compromise the standardized nature of a test. These modifications are meant to accommodate individual needs but can affect the consistency of the test's application and its results. An experiment is a scientific investigation conducted under controlled conditions where an independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on a dependent variable. In the social sciences, experiments like Garfinkel's breaching experiments deliberately break social norms to study reactions and understand social conformity. However, when discussing the integrity of testing, the practice of altering data or testing conditions in unethical ways, as exposed in investigations of research misconduct, underlines the importance of maintaining standard procedures and not compromising a test's standardized nature.