Final answer:
Outsourcing is a common form of non-equity strategic alliances where companies contract services externally without sharing ownership.
Step-by-step explanation:
Outsourcing arrangements are a common form of non-equity strategic alliance. In such arrangements, companies contract out certain tasks or services to external firms rather than doing them in-house or sharing ownership stakes in a joint venture. This strategic partnership allows companies to focus on their core competencies while benefiting from the specialized services of outside providers without equity involvements.