Final answer:
Cations are positive ions created when an atom loses electrons, while anions are negative ions forming from the gain of electrons. For example, sodium becomes a cation (Na+) and chlorine becomes an anion (chloride, Cl-). This process helps atoms achieve a stable electronic configuration, facilitating the formation of ionic bonds.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell. For instance, a sodium atom (Na) loses its one valence electron to become Na+, which has a complete octet in its second energy level. On the other hand, anions are negatively charged ions that result from an atom gaining one or more electrons in its valence shell. Chlorine (Cl), for example, gains an electron to become Cl−, known as chloride, achieving a stable electron configuration.
Formation of Ions
During the formation of ions, you can observe the drive towards attaining a stable electronic arrangement, often resembling the nearest noble gas. This process is essential for the ionic bonds that are formed when cations and anions come together to create ionic compounds.