Final answer:
The constructor type used to create and initialize instance member variables when creating a new object is known as the class constructor. It is a special method with the same name as the class and no return type. Constructors can be overloaded, and a default constructor is provided if none is explicitly defined.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you use the new expression to create an object of a class, the constructor type used to create and initialize any instance member variables is known as the class constructor. This constructor is a special block of code that is called when a new instance of a class is created. It has the same name as the class and does not have a return type, not even void.
The purpose of the constructor is to give the programmer a chance to set initial values for the instance variables, perform any setup required for the object, or to start certain processes that the object needs to function properly. Each class can have multiple constructors, each with a different set of parameters, known as overloading constructors. If no constructor is explicitly defined, many programming languages provide a default constructor that does not take any arguments and simply allocates memory for the object.