Final Answer:
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), with 7 being neutral. Acids have pH values below 7, bases have pH values above 7.
Step-by-step explanation:
pH, or potential of hydrogen, serves as a metric to quantify the acidity or basicity of a solution. This scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality. A pH below 7 indicates acidity, signifying a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, while a pH above 7 suggests alkalinity, indicating a higher concentration of hydroxide ions. The logarithmic nature of the pH scale means each unit change represents a tenfold difference in acidity or basicity.
Biologically, pH plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. For instance, the stomach contains highly acidic gastric juices with a pH around 2, aiding in the digestion of food. Blood, on the other hand, maintains a slightly basic pH of around 7.4, ensuring optimal conditions for enzymatic reactions and cellular functions within the body.
Understanding pH is essential for comprehending various biological processes, as deviations from optimal pH levels can impact enzymatic activity, protein structure, and overall cellular function. Consequently, pH regulation is vital for the proper functioning of biological systems and is tightly controlled within specific ranges to support life processes.