Question

Identify the bones of the vertebral column on a photograph or diagram. Compare and contrast characterstic features of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and cocygeal vertebrae. Ch 9 obj 15

Answer 1

The vertebral column consists of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccygeal vertebrae, each with distinct features.

Step-by-step explanation:

The bones of the vertebral column are divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.

Cervical vertebrae, located in the neck, are characterized by a bifid spinous process, transverse processes with transverse foramen, and flattened superior and inferior articular processes.

Thoracic vertebrae, found in the upper back, have long spinous processes and articulate with the ribs.

Lumbar vertebrae, situated in the lower back, have large, robust bodies and thick, blunt spinous processes.

The sacrum, which is fused from five sacral vertebrae, forms the back wall of the pelvis.

The coccyx, formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae, is commonly referred to as the tailbone.

Answer 2

The bones of the vertebral column include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae. Each type exhibits distinct characteristics, such as the number of vertebrae, shape, and functional features.

Step-by-step explanation:

The vertebral column, or spine, is composed of five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae. Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) are located in the neck region and typically possess a bifid spinous process and transverse foramina.

Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) are in the upper and mid-back, featuring costal facets for rib articulation. Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are found in the lower back and are characterized by large bodies to support weight-bearing. Sacral vertebrae (S1-S5) fuse to form the sacrum, forming the posterior wall of the pelvis. Lastly, coccygeal vertebrae (Co1-Co4) fuse to create the coccyx, providing attachment for various muscles and ligaments.

The cervical vertebrae are distinguished by their smaller size and unique atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae. Thoracic vertebrae showcase facets for rib attachment, crucial for chest structure. Lumbar vertebrae, being the largest, bear the majority of the body's weight.

Sacral vertebrae form a triangular-shaped bone that articulates with the pelvic bones, ensuring stability. Coccygeal vertebrae, though reduced in size, play a role in supporting the pelvic floor. Understanding these distinct features is essential in anatomical studies, clinical assessments, and medical practice, providing insights into the spine's structure and functionality.