Final answer:
Viruses are classified based on their characteristics such as capsid shape and nucleic acid type. They consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid and replicate by using host cells. Viruses can cause disease through various mechanisms, and treatment and prevention methods include antiviral medications and vaccines.
Step-by-step explanation:
Virus Classification: Viruses are classified based on characteristics such as capsid shape, presence of an envelope, type of nucleic acid, process of replication, host organisms, or the type of disease they cause.
Virus Structure: Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid, with or without an outer lipid envelope.
Virus Replication Process: Viruses replicate by using the replication proteins of a host cell, taking over the cell's machinery to produce viral components and assemble new virus particles.
Mechanisms of Pathogenicity: Viruses can cause disease through various mechanisms, such as damaging host cells, interfering with host immune responses, or integrating into the host genome to disrupt normal cellular functions.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment options for viral infections vary depending on the specific virus, but may include antiviral medications. Prevention measures include vaccines, good hygiene practices, and antiviral drugs for high-risk populations.