Final answer:
Cellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes are key in the synthesis and processing of cellular materials. The cytoskeleton provides structural support to facilitate these processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelles involved in the synthesis of materials needed by a cell include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. The ER can be rough or smooth based on the presence of ribosomes and functions in the synthesis of proteins and lipids, respectively. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, converting energy into the usable form of ATP, while peroxisomes detoxify various chemicals, thereby maintaining cellular health.
Chloroplasts, while not part of every cell type, are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some protists that capture energy through photosynthesis, thus enabling the synthesis of glucose. The cell's supportive framework, the cytoskeleton, consists of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, each providing structural support and facilitating cellular transport and movement.