Final answer:
Parents influence their children through rewards and toys that reinforce behavioral conditioning and gender norms. They use positive reinforcement and shape children's understanding of gender roles through the types of toys provided and feedback given. Socioeconomic status also affects parenting styles, regarding nurturing children's development and fostering skills.
Step-by-step explanation:
Parents employ various strategies to influence their children's behaviors and roles, often using toys and incentives. For instance, they may use positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors, such as rewarding children for cleaning their room or for academic achievements. Behavioral conditioning is central to this approach, as seen through the example of second-grade students being rewarded for reading, resulting in improved reading comprehension.
The influence of gender roles in children's play is also notable. Boys often receive toys that promote active and solitary play, while girls are given toys that foster nurturing and social interaction. Such toys and the associated feedback from parents reinforce societal norms regarding gender-appropriate behavior.
Furthermore, the manner in which parents nurture their children can be influenced by socioeconomic status. Higher-income families are more likely to actively develop a child's skills and foster analytical thinking, whereas lower-income families may allow for more independent growth without challenging established authorities as much.